基礎知識

LI(Leverage Index)



概要

特定の試合状況(イニング・点差・走者・アウトカウント)について、その状況が勝敗に与える影響度という意味でどれだけ重要かを表す指数。1.00が標準的な局面であり、LIが2.00であれば、その局面でのプレーが勝利確率に与える影響は通常の試合局面に比べて2倍大きいことを意味する。


背景

LIは勝利確率から導出される概念である。LIは単に試合展開に対してその局面がどれだけ重要かを表すものであり、それ自体が選手を評価する指標ではない。選手のWPAWARといった評価指標がどのような文脈で記録されたものかを知る参考として、あるいは観戦のお供として用いられる指標である。


LIの計算の仕組みは、どれだけ勝利確率が変動しやすいかを指数化したものである。具体的にはその打席で起こり得る各事象について勝利確率の変動幅を発生割合に応じて加重平均し、それを平均的な状況の変動幅で除すことによって求められる。直観的には「勝負の分かれ目」と言えるような状況でLIが高くなる。


例えば5点負けている9回裏のツーアウトで迎えた打席の場合、そもそもそこから逆転勝ちできる見込みは低く、その打者がヒットを打とうが三振に倒れようが勝利確率はほとんど変動しない。実際このような局面ではホームチームの勝利確率は0.1%であり、本塁打を打ったとしても勝利期待値は0.2%に上がるだけで、三振でも0.1%が0%になるに過ぎない。この局面のLIは0.02である(数字はFanGraphsのWPA Inquirerより)。


他方で同点の9回裏ノーアウトで迎えた打席であれば、先頭打者が出塁するかどうかは勝敗を決する上で極めて重要である。その時点でのホームチームの勝利確率は63.7%だが、本塁打を打てばこれが100%になるし、凡退すれば58.0%へと減少する。このようにその打席で起こる事象によって勝利確率が変動しやすい局面でLIは高くなるのであり、この局面のLIは2.26である。


各選手がどのようなLI局面でプレーしてきたかを知るために、次のような集計項目がある。

pLI
選手の全プレーのLI平均値
phLI
打者の代打出場した場面に限定したLI平均値
gmLI
投手の各試合登板時点のLI平均値
inLI
投手の各イニング開始時点のLI平均値
exLI
投手の各試合降板時点のLI平均値

LIはまた、選手の評価を離れて一般的に有効なリリーフの起用戦略を考える際なども有益な情報を提供する。優秀な投手を局面を選んで投入するのであれば、LIが高い局面に投入した方が高い効果を得られるからである。そのような意味でもどういった場面でLIが高くなるのかを知ることは重要である。



シーズンのLIはこちらから

指標一覧

指標右側のタグは"Leaders" 内のテーブルにリンクされています。Batting > Standard と表示されていた場合、"Leaders"メニュー内の"Batting""Standard" のテーブルにリンクされています。
1B
One-base Hit
Batting > Standard
2B
Two-base Hit
Batting > Standard
3B
Three-base Hit
Batting > Standard
AVG
Batting Average
Batting > Standard
AVG
Batting Average
Batting > Advanced
AVG
hits allowed average
Pitching > Advanced
BABIP
Batting Average on Balls In Play
Batting > Advanced
BB
Base on Ball
Batting > Standard
BB
walks and given
Pitching > Standard
BB/K
walk-to-strikeout ratio
Batting > Advanced
BUH%
bunt hit percentage
Batting > Batted Ball
CG
complete game
Pitching > Standard
CS
Caught Stealing
Batting > Standard
CS
caught stealing
Pitching > Standard
CS
Caught Stealing
Fielding > Standard
CS%
Caught Stealing percentage
Fielding > Standard
CStr%
Called + swinging strike percentage
Batting > Plate Discipline
DP
Double Plays
Fielding > Standard
DPF
Double Plays Finished
Fielding > Standard
DPS
Double Plays Started
Fielding > Standard
DPT
Double Plays Turned
Fielding > Standard
ERA
earned run average
Pitching > Standard
exLI
Average Leverage Index when exiting the game
Pitching > Win Probability
FB%
fly ball percentage
Batting > Batted Ball
FB%
fly ball percentage
Pitching > Batted Ball
FP%
Fielding percentage
Fielding > Standard
FT%
Two Seam Fastball percentage
Batting > Pitch Type
FT%
Two Seam Fastball percentage
Pitching > Pitch Type
FTv
Two Seam Fastball velocity
Batting > Pitch Type
FTv
Two Seam Fastball velocity
Pitching > Pitch Type
GB%
ground ball percentage
Batting > Batted Ball
GB%
ground ball percentage
Pitching > Batted Ball
GB/FB
ground ball to fly ball ratio
Batting > Batted Ball
GB/FB
ground ball to fly ball ratio
Pitching > Batted Ball
GBOut%
ground ball out percentage
Batting > Batted Ball
GDP
Grounded into Double Play
Batting > Standard
gmLI
Average Leverage Index when entering the game
Pitching > Win Probability
HBP
Hit By Pitch
Batting > Standard
HBP
hit by pitch
Pitching > Standard
HR
home runs allowed
Pitching > Standard
IBB
Intentional Base on Ball
Batting > Standard
IBB
intentional base on balls
Pitching > Standard
IFFB%
infield fly ball percentage
Batting > Batted Ball
IFFB%
infield fly ball percentage
Pitching > Batted Ball
IFH%
infield hit percentage
Batting > Batted Ball
inLI
Average Leverage Index at the start of the inning
Pitching > Win Probability
IP
innings pitched
Pitching > Standard
K%
strikeouts rate
Batting > Advanced
K-BB%
strikeout-walk rate differential
Pitching > Advanced
LD%
line drive percentage
Batting > Batted Ball
LD%
line drive percentage
Pitching > Batted Ball
OBP
On-Base Percentage
Batting > Advanced
O-Contact%,Z-Contact%,Contact%
contact percentage
Batting > Plate Discipline
O-Contact%,Z-Contact%,Contact%
contact percentage
Pitching > Plate Discipline
OFOut%
outfield fly out percentage
Batting > Batted Ball
OPS
On-base Plus Slugging percentage
Batting > Advanced
O-Swing%,Z-Swing%,Swing%,SwStr%
swing percentage
Batting > Plate Discipline
O-Swing%,Z-Swing%,Swing%,SwStr%
swing percentage
Pitching > Plate Discipline
PA
Plate Appearance
Batting > Standard
PB
Passed Balls
Fielding > Standard
PH
Pinch Hit Opportunities
Batting > Win Probability
PhLI
Average Leverage Index while Pinch Hitting
Batting > Win Probability
pLI
Player Average Leverage Index
Batting > Win Probability
pLI
Player Average Leverage Index
Pitching > Win Probability
Pull%,Cent%,Oppo%
batted ball direction
Batting > Batted Ball
Pull%,Cent%,Oppo%
batted ball direction
Pitching > Batted Ball
R
runs allowed
Pitching > Standard
RBI
Runs Batted In
Batting > Standard
RE24
Run Above Average based on the 24 Base/Out States
Batting > Win Probability
RE24
Run Above Average based on the 24 Base/Out States
Pitching > Win Probability
REW
Wins Above Average based on the 24 Base/Out States
Batting > Win Probability
REW
Wins Above Average based on the 24 Base/Out States
Pitching > Win Probability
rPB
Passed Balls Saved runs above average
Fielding > Advanced
rSB
Stolen Base Runs Saved runs above average
Fielding > Advanced
SB
Steal a Base
Batting > Standard
SB
steal a base
Pitching > Standard
SB
Stolen Bases
Fielding > Standard
Scp%
First Baseman Scoops percentage
Fielding > Standard
SF
Sacrifice Fly
Batting > Standard
SH
Sacrifice Hit
Batting > Standard
SLG
Slugging percentage
Batting > Advanced
SO
Strike Out
Batting > Standard
Soft%,Mid%,Hard%
quality of contact stats
Batting > Batted Ball
Soft%,Mid%,Hard%
quality of contact stats
Pitching > Batted Ball
TBF
total batters faced
Pitching > Standard
TE
Throwing Errors
Fielding > Standard
WAR
wins above replacement
Batting > Value
WAR
WAR
wins above replacement
Pitching > Value
WAR
wCB/C
Curveball runs above average per 100 pitches
Batting > Pitch Value
wCB/C
Curveball runs above average per 100 pitches
Pitching > Pitch Value
wCH/C
Changeup runs above average per 100 pitches
Pitching > Pitch Value
wCT/C
Cutter runs above average per 100 pitches
Pitching > Pitch Value
wFA/C
Fastball runs above average per 100 pitches
Batting > Pitch Value
wFA/C
Fastball runs above average per 100 pitches
Pitching > Pitch Value
wFT
Two Seam Fastball runs above average
Batting > Pitch Value
wFT
Two Seam Fastball runs above average
Pitching > Pitch Value
wFT/C
Two Seam Fastball runs above average per 100 pitches
Batting > Pitch Value
wFT/C
Two Seam Fastball runs above average per 100 pitches
Pitching > Pitch Value
WP
wild pitch
Pitching > Standard
WP
Wild Pitches
Fielding > Standard
wSB
weighted Stolen Base runs
Batting > Advanced
wSF/C
Splitter runs above average per 100 pitches
Batting > Pitch Value
wSF/C
Splitter runs above average per 100 pitches
Pitching > Pitch Value
wSI/C
Sinker runs above average per 100 pitches
Batting > Pitch Value
wSI/C
Sinker runs above average per 100 pitches
Pitching > Pitch Value
wSL/C
Slider runs above average per 100 pitches
Batting > Pitch Value
wSL/C
Slider runs above average per 100 pitches
Pitching > Pitch Value
wSP/C
Special runs above average per 100 pitches
Batting > Pitch Value
wSP/C
Special runs above average per 100 pitches
Pitching > Pitch Value
Zone%,F-Strike%
pitches in the strike zone percentage
Batting > Plate Discipline
Zone%,F-Strike%
pitches in the strike zone percentage
Pitching > Plate Discipline
  • このエントリーをはてなブックマークに追加
  • Pocketに追加